Driver's License Types

The first stage of driving

A learner's permit allows you to practice driving under supervision. You must pass a written knowledge test and vision screening to get one.

Typical restrictions:

• Must have a licensed adult (21+) in the passenger seat at all times
• No driving between midnight and 5 AM in most states
• No or limited non-family passengers
• Must hold for 6-12 months before road test

How to get your learner's permit →

The intermediate stage for teen drivers

After passing your road test, teen drivers (usually under 18) receive a provisional license instead of a full license. This is part of your state's Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) program.

Typical restrictions:

• No driving late at night (typically 11 PM - 5 AM)
• Limited number of teen passengers (often just 1 for the first 6-12 months)
• No cell phone use while driving (hands-free or otherwise)
• Zero tolerance for alcohol (BAC must be 0.00%)

Restrictions are lifted gradually and fully removed when you turn 18 in most states.

Unrestricted driving privileges

A full (unrestricted) driver's license allows you to drive without the passenger, curfew, or supervision limitations of a permit or provisional license. Adults who get their first license typically receive a full license after passing the road test.

Requirements to maintain:

• Renew every 4-8 years (varies by state)
• Pass a vision test at renewal
• Maintain a clean driving record to avoid suspension

Federal compliance for air travel and federal facilities

Starting May 2025, you need a REAL ID-compliant license (marked with a star) to board domestic flights and enter federal buildings. An enhanced driver's license (EDL), available in some border states, also serves as a limited passport for land/sea travel to Canada and Mexico.

Check with your DMV — you may need additional documents (like a birth certificate and two proofs of residency) to upgrade to REAL ID.

Added to your existing license

To ride a motorcycle legally, you need a motorcycle endorsement (M)added to your driver's license. This requires passing a separate written test and either a road skills test or an approved motorcycle safety course.

Required for large commercial vehicles

A CDL is required to operate semi-trucks, large buses, tankers, and other commercial vehicles. CDLs come in three classes (A, B, and C) with additional endorsements for hazmat, passenger transport, and more.

Learn about CDLs at CDL Answers →